THE NEED FOR MALE TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS

There is an undeniable call for male instructors in the instruction system particularly at the primary and secondary school degree. Over the last two decennaries with the proliferation of the feminist motion and a paradigm displacement in male/female functions, work forces have appeared to dwindle out of the learning profession go forthing it a female dominated sphere. In fact, it appears that more and more work forces are non inclined to go instructors for legion grounds, some of which are rather valid ( Paton, 2010 ) . So where does that go forth the instruction system and the hereafter of our immature male childs? Well harmonizing to Gold and Reis ( 1982 ) , it is non needfully in a really bad province. It is argued that both male childs and misss can develop into lovingness, intelligent, good disciplined grownups irrespective of the gender of their instructors, and that the most of import thing is the attitude of the instructors toward the kid and overall engagement in the kid ‘s life. This statement though, is refuted strongly by Mac Donald ( 2007 ) who suggests that immature male childs have been affected by the diminution in male instructors in their developmental old ages ( considered to be preschool age 2 to 12 old ages ) . A powerful statement that male childs are able to derive more than merely academic accomplishment from male instructors is made when he suggests that male instructors act as function theoretical accounts of manhood and maleness which are really critical for immature male childs. In telling his ain experience and the looks of others he interacted with, he notes how some of the male instructors and male principals he had were able to animate masculine traits such as physical strength, vibrant wellness and a spirit of healthy competition. Mac Donald ( 2007 ) elaborates farther by indicating out how his male high school principal was able to command regard, and yet be a friend. He besides statedHeHehhhhhhh that his male instructors were able to represent maleness which engenders service and forfeit, encouragement and affableness. Male instructors by illustration Teach cardinal qualities of maleness which besides includes self- subject, THE NEED FOR MALE TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS FOR YOUNG BOYS 3 resiliency, aspiration, leading, the bravery to face hardship, every bit good as the ability to move resolutely and forcefully when conditions warrant. Harmonizing to Collins ( 2009 ) , a individual regarded by others, particularly younger people, as a good illustration to follow is a function theoretical account. Based on feedback from instructors of other schools and what I have observed in my ain school I have inferred that adult females by and large are incapable of successfully act uponing immature males on their ain. At first glimpse this might look to be a male chauvinist or even chauvinist statement but the primary authorization figure for immature male childs that are now a threat in some of our schools are preponderantly female instructors and/or individual female parents, aunties or grandmas. This could bespeak that even with the best attempts and purposes, immature male childs are non reacting positively to the influence of these dominant adult females in their lives. Clark ( 2009 ) expresses that assorted surveies concur that the presence of male instructors at the primary and secondary school degree has significantly declined over the last 20 old ages. One ground for this is that work forces have the perceptual experience that the nurturing of immature kids is a ‘woman ‘s function ‘ . There is besides the belief that some work forces shun the instruction profession due to frights of false sexual maltreatment allegations ( paedophile craze ) and deficiency of male opposite numbers at particularly the primary school degree. Although there is division as to the exact benefits of male instructors, the research from the Training and Development Agency for Schools found that male childs are less riotous in lessons taught by work forces. Clark ( 2009 ) besides points out that a research conducted by the Training and Development Agency for Schools ( TDA ) claimed that male childs taught by adult females are more likely to interrupt lessons and neglect their surveies. Fifty-one per cent of male childs in primary schools said they would be more obedient in category if taught by a adult male and 42 per cent said they would work harder. THE NEED FOR MALE TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS FOR YOUNG BOYS 4 An article by Staff ( 2008 ) , sum uping the consequences of a study on 800 plus work forces by the TDA revealed that they found that more than a 3rd ( 35 % ) felt that holding a male primary instructor challenged them to work harder at school. Those questioned besides said that male instructors were more accessible. Half ( 50 % ) were more likely to near a male instructor about intimidation, a similar proportion ( 49 % ) were more likely to near them about jobs with school work, 29 % went to them with jobs at place and 24 % were more likely to inquire them inquiries about pubescence. Even as this study may deduce that female instructors ‘ functions may hold besides been of import, it emphasizes the demand for male instructors in the school system which allow immature male childs to experience that it is good to make good in school. In my experience as a secondary school instructor, I have noticed that boys react more positively and inadvisably to correction given by male instructors as opposed to female instructors. One might reason that this might be strictly incidental. However, unless a female instructor exhibits masculine authorization manners or inordinate force every bit far as possible, they appear to accomplish minimum or ephemeral consequences when covering with particularly riotous and hard male childs. Because of this, boys are by and large disengaged in academic activities because most of the female instructors merely do non hold the capacity, desire or energy to cover with them. Staff ( 2008 ) quoted Dr Tanya Byron, a clinical psychologist and broadcaster, by stating: â€Å" Male primary school instructors can frequently be stable and dependable figures in the lives of the kids that they teach. They inspire kids to experience more confident, to work harder and to act better. † Simply put boys learn more when they are instructed by male instructors. Not merely do work forces hold a positive impact on academic accomplishment in male childs but besides they being indispensable in portraying and patterning maleness and manhood is critical ( MacDonald, 2007 ) . As made evident in appraisal of many of these immature male childs, they come from places where THE NEED FOR MALE TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS FOR YOUNG BOYS 5 they have small or no male function theoretical accounts. The unfortunate tendency in this present society is one that has left many households without a male parent and hence, confusion in the heads of these immature kids as to who to pattern or look up excessively, the male instructor hence, might be that merely positive male function theoretical account in their lives ( MacDonald, 2007 ) . Thinking back on my ain experience, I remembered that I saw my male instructors in primary school as superior authorization figures. I believe that those male instructors allowed me to put a high value on my instruction and encouraged me to desire to win. Hence, by the clip I reached the secondary school degree my signifier instructor ; a male provided support and way, as I was really focussed on my school work at that point. Should we so conclude that the male presence in instruction is more of import than the female influence? Or does stating we need more male instructors mean that we do non necessitate female instructors? Decidedly non, it is non a inquiry of male versus female, but there is a demand for more positive male presence and equity in the gender fluctuation of instructors at the primary and secondary degree to shut the gender spread or gender divide ( MacDonald, 2007 ) . Pelletier ( 2004 ) through research findings noted that there was more prevalence of category repeat and academic hold in male childs than misss. This hold was largely attributed to gender fluctuations in larning the linguistic communication and direction by female instructors. This weaker academic public presentation of male childs appeared to hold great influence in their calling ends and willingness to remain in school. One of the major subscribers to bettering academic accomplishment in male child was accommodating educational attacks to the alone acquisition manners of male childs. Male instructors tend to include games and competitory activities that boys respond to more positively. Another factor cited as influential was: the male teacher-student relationship ( which requires the instructor to interact on a societal degree with the male childs ) . Holland ( 1996 ) suggests that one of the major issues environing academic failure in immature male childs THE NEED FOR MALE TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS FOR YOUNG BOYS 6 is the fact that they are surrounded by preponderantly female instructors, therefore it is ingrained in their mind that school work is something for misss to make. They seldom see males in their environment prosecuting in academic activity and hence there is struggle with their maleness. What immature male childs need are work forces who are systematically at that place for them, who model good behaviour and values, and who are consistent in their attention for those that they love. They do n't necessitate work forces who have checked out of constructing relationships and those who are nil more than sperm givers ( Heard, 2009 ) . I believe that because immature male childs are at a critical phase in their development and non burying the deficiency of male presence in their lives the male instructor function theoretical account seems to be in the best place to represent those qualities. Toysoldier ( 2010 ) notes, that the demand for positive male function theoretical accounts for immature male childs is non a new scenario. In fact it is rather surprising that so much money is put into rectification installations that purportedly deal with riotous male behaviour when the support and societal focal point should be prior to this effusion of negative and baleful behaviours. Much of the delinquent behaviour is a consequence of non being able to suit into the academic system and therefore turning to criminal behaviour which is frequently mimicked in the bad male illustrations they have. Boys respond positively to consistent authorization and way. They need reinforcement when they exhibit good behaviours and necessitate to be invariably encouraged to seek a healthy life style and must take duty for all the picks they make. In the modern society they have been in a quandary of holding to utilize video games as their chief beginning of masculine mold and they are besides bei ng bombarded by this thrust for work forces to be ‘more feminine ‘ or ‘in touch ‘ with their muliebrity which is non the solution to the job of low academic accomplishment or being end oriented. Browne ( 2007 ) concedes that for most immature boys the demand to stand out academically is non seen as the ‘male thing ‘ . Browne suggests that at the secondary school level the most of import influence in a male child ‘s life is peer influence. If the general thought of his equals is that larning and academe is a waste of THE NEED FOR MALE TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS FOR YOUNG BOYS 7 clip so it is most likely that he would follow the same attitude. Whilst some male childs are able to develop get bying schemes to stand out academically, most seem to be unable to make this at a immature age. The power of equal force per unit area can merely perchance be pre-empted by self-asserting male function theoretical account instructors. At the secondary school degree most male childs are holding a rush of maleness and would dispute both instructors and parents. Browne says that the instructor ‘s conflict is so against testosterone, the equal group and the street where the civilization is ne'er to endorse down to authorization no affair what. Without male instructors as an alternate function theoretical account, the influence of equals and street civilization is almighty. Boys want to be portion of a nine or pack. Browne ( 2007 ) notes the importance of instructor preparation to cover with the issues that male childs have. It is of import to associate to each male child one on one, to extinguish the strong group dynamic that exist in equals. Looking at intercession patterns to cover with aberrant behaviours is indispensable to turn toing the academic involvements of immature male childs. The first manner of operation should non be to direct male childs place ( to watch telecasting and other unthinking activities ) when they engage in riotous behaviours but a recommendation is to allow them travel into reding Sessionss with male function theoretical accounts. Having more work forces in schoolroom shows immature male childs that there is an alternate option and that it can be cool to larn instead than be aberrant. Harmonizing to Wright ( 2009 ) surveies reveal that stripling male childs need to cognize that they are of import to a adult male whom they respect in order to develop self assurance and a strong sense of individuality. â€Å" To be a adult male you must see a adult male † , immature male childs need good work forces to assist them go good work forces. Most male childs are left to calculate out manhood entirely because of the predomination of females in their adolescent old ages. Basically boys grow when they are surrounded by a strong male function theoretical account ( Manfre, 2010 ) . THE NEED FOR MALE TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS FOR YOUNG BOYS 8 Some surveies even suggest that female instructors favor misss and really present and implement some of their prejudices with regard to what they consider ideal behavior: soundlessness and obeisance. Hence, masculine male childs are seen as violative and sometimes even treated with ill will ( Gold and Reis, 1982 ) . Gold and Reis continue by stating that in states where there are a higher proportion of male instructors, surveies reveal that the reading abilities of immature male childs are enhanced. It was besides found that boys underachievement in reading in the US is linked to the current gender instability in the instruction system ( Gorman, 2010 ) . Here we may be able to place the importance of the socio-linguistic factor, in that a male child is able to react to male communicating because it reflects similarities intrinsic to his ain linguistic communication. The engagement and engagement of work forces in the instruction profession at the primary and secondary degree is in great demand. Many pedagogues at the direction degree are assiduously working at enrolling competent males ; strong function theoretical accounts that can transform the lives of kids and more significantly immature male childs they interact with. One of the stereotypes is that work forces are n't seen as being able to foster and care for kids as adult females do, nevertheless, this is non the world. Many kids are soon turning up without positive males in their lives and holding male instructors are an chance to offer a great alteration and influence that gives a different position to the kid ( Terrell, 2009 ) . From a philosophical position, if it is desired that boys adopt behaviours that make them exceeding work forces they need to be exposed to matching doctrines from the same gender. It is undeniable that boys need work forces. Men play a critical function in the development of immature male childs and more so positive work forces. A sense of ego regard, unity, ego assurance is fostered when a immature male child has a adult male he looks up to pattern and interact with. It is impossible to supply all the bing immature male childs with a present, positive father-however ; they can hold a good male to emulate ; a male instructor function theoretical account. Presently, some adult females in our society intentionally take to raise kids without male parents while some THE NEED FOR MALE TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS FOR YOUNG BOYS 9 do no pick in the affair. However, based on all the findings and analysis of the reading and research, it is clear that immature male childs are in despairing demand for male teacher function theoretical accounts in their lives. I would desire to propose a few recommendations that are non needfully alone, but might be able to somehow relieve some of the jobs immature male childs experience. First, most intercession plans would necessitate male instructors who are willing to volunteer their clip and commit to the procedure. Some plans that can be developed include: 1. Mentoring inaugural during or after school for which male instructors can utilize to leave positive masculine traits ( honestness, unity, finding, committedness to task etc. ) 2. Let some sporting activities which would affect male instructors playing with and against immature male child ( s ) to further strength, support and chumminess. 3. Male instructors should even eat with their male pupils which would let them chance in advancing a healthy feeding life style for immature male childs by illustration and treatment. 4. Religious direction and supplication groups conducted by male instructors would supply a resource for immature male childs pa rticularly those who are in crisis and need religious encouragement and supplication. There is a despairing demand for immature male childs in our present society to hold regard for themselves and others, to derive self assurance, to be strong morally and spiritually and to be comfy with their individuality as male. I think because there is a shortage in male function theoretical accounts at place and in the community where immature male childs live, male instructors are likely the best hope as function theoretical accounts for immature male childs â€Å" It is easier to construct strong male childs than to mend broken work forces. † – Frederick Douglass. THE NEED FOR MALE TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS FOR YOUNG BOYS 10

Resources and Capabilities of Coca-Cola Essay

In the competitive corporate world it is very important for organizations to have a strategy. This strategy should be based on resources and capabilities that the firm has and also taking into consideration the opportunities that arise in the external environment enabling companies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. (Grant, 2005). The company that I have chosen is Coca-Cola. The reason behind me choosing this company is because from my point of view, Coca-Cola has been a company that has always invested, upgraded and leveraged its resources and capabilities to be the most successful brand in the soft drink industry for more than 120 years. According to Interbrand ´s report on Best Global Brands, Coca- Cola has been ranked in the first position for the 13th consecutive years. Estimating its brand value at $77.8 billion and having a rise in 8% since last year annual report. (The New York Times, 2012). Coca-Cola ´s was discovered by John Pemberton, a pharmacist from Georgia, as a result of an accident, which has now become the most consumed soft drink in the world. (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012). Around 1.7 billion of Coke products are consumed in a day. (The World Fact Book, 2012). Its portfolio of products range from the traditional Coca-Cola, carbonated soda water, bottled water, tea, sports drink and fruit juices, having over 3,500 products and brands. The company holds 275 bottling partners around the world; these companies are dedicated to produce, package and distribute most of the company ´s products. The company competes in over 200 countries. (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012). The resource based view is a framework that suggests that companies obtain competitive advantage by focusing on strategies that exploit their internal strengths by responding to the external opportunities and trying minimize external threats and internal weaknesses. (Barney, 1991). The advantage of this model is that the firm can consider factors that are within their control. (Connely, 2010). Moreover, this model has two assumptions in analyzing resources. The first one is that the firm is heterogeneous to the strategic resources they control. The second is that resources aren’t perfectly mobile across firms and thus heterogeneity can be long lasting. (Barney, 1991). Before talking about Coca-Cola ´s resources and core capabilities it is important to understand the difference between these two. â€Å"Resources are the productive assets owned by the company, capabilities are what the firm can do well. Resources can be classified as three types; tangible resources, intangible resources and human resources.† (Grant, 2005, p. 136-137). Authors such as Teece and Pisano (1997) suggest that an organization has to always renew and recreate its resources to meet the needs of changing environments. They are three basic types of dynamic capabilities the ones sensing opportunities and threats, the ones concerning seizing opportunities and the ones concerned in re-configuring the capabilities of an organization. Dynamic capabilities can take various forms such as recruitment and management process, major strategic moves, such as acquisitions and alliances. Tangible resources are physical and financial resources that can take a variety of forms. These assets and capabilities determine how efficiently and effectively a company performs its functional activities†. (Grant, 2005, p.139). To determine if a company has a strong financial position financial analyst tend to evaluate in general the gross profit margin, operating margin, ROA and ROE ratios. The Coca Cola Company has a very strong financial position, its sales were $46.542 billion, its gross profit margin in the year 2011 was 60.86%, 2010 it was 63.86%, in 2009 it was 64.22% meaning that the company has been consistent in their efficiency of manufacturing and distribution during the production process. (Google Finance, 2011). The operating margin in 2011 was 23.06% and 2010 it was 39.13%. The margin is the measure of the proportion of company ´s revenue left after deducting variable costs. The margin has been consistent which means that the company is always trying to maintain its variable costs. The ROA is the indicator of how efficient a company is using its assets to generate earning. In 2011, Coca-Cola ´s ROA was 10.17%, during this year the management was less efficient at using its assets but during last few it has been quite efficient. In 2010 it was 16.19%; in 2009 it was 14.02%. The ROE from last year has dropped from 28.17% in 2010 to 17.73% in 2011, even though the company is trying use less shareholders equity to produce profits. (Coca-Cola ´s Annual Report, 2011). The physical resources that Coca-Cola owns can be classified into building, equipment and their bottling partners. The buildings account for $ 5.24 billion, the property, plant and equipment account for $ 23.15 billion. The distribution of the drink is done through 275 bottling partners. The bottling partners manufacture, package, merchandise and distribute the finished branded beverages. (Coca-Cola ´s Annual Report, 2011). The intangible resources tend to contribute more than tangible resources. They can be classified as; intellectual property, resources for innovation and reputation. (Grant, 2011). One of Coca-Cola ´s most valuable intangible resource is its secret formula. The company tends to sell concentrated syrups to their bottling partners, who then use the syrup to produce the final product. This means that the company does even share their secret formula with its bottling partners. (Coca-Cola ´s Annual Report, 2011). According to Coca- Cola another intangible resource that they own is their technology and the know-how. They related this technology to the â€Å"Company ´s products and the processes for their production, the packages used for our products, the design and operation of various processes and equipment used in our business and certain quality assurance software.† (Coca-Cola ´s Annual Report, 2011, p. 9). An intangible asset that Coca-Cola owns is its â€Å"Goodwill†. The goodwill can be classified as the strong brand name, good customer relations or good employee relations. (Investopedia, 2012). In 2011 Coca- Cola ´s good will accounted for $ 12,219. The company performs impairment tests of goodwill at geographic operating areas. The operating areas are: Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America and Pacific. Coca- Cola ´s brand loyalty and recognition can be considered as Coca-Cola ´s most valuable intangible resource. Every day 1.7 billion of coke products are consumed in a day, more than 60% of the of the world ´s population have a Coke drink in a day. (Market Line, 2011). Moreover, the red and white logo is recognized by 94% of the world ´s population. (Business Insider, 2012). The Coca-Cola Company had 146,200 employees worldwide in the year 2011, respectfully called associates. The Company always tries to keep their employees engaged by motivating and indulging responsibility in projects. Their work place includes on site company gym, free Coca-Cola drinks, summer and flexible working hours. Training and development also plays a big role, they continually invest in employee development plans, internal talent management, leadership development for managers and employee performance management. They also tend to reward their employees by different elements such as pension, health care and additional holidays. Once analyzed Coca-Cola ´s tangible and intangible resources I now proceed to analyze their core competence and dynamic capability. Core competence can be defined as â€Å"the linked set of skills, activities and resources that, together, deliver customer value, differentiate a business from its competitors and potentially can be extended and developed†. (Johnson et al, 2011, p. 89). Coca-Cola ´s major dynamic capability is large investment in marketing. In 2011, Coca- Cola spent $ 3.3 billion on advertisement. (Google Finance, 2011). Their marketing programs are developed to â€Å"Think Globally, but act locally† designed to enhance more consumer awareness and product appeal for customers. The company tends to differentiate its marketing strategy in developed markets and developing markets. In developed markets is objective is continue having growing profits and in developing markets its objective is to increase brand value. In emerging markets they invest in brands and infrastructure programs to give access to the consumers to the product. In developed markets they invest in making the product affordable, good communication with its customers and differentiation within its products. (Coca-Cola ´s Annual report, 2011). Another core competence that enables the company owns to gain competitive advantage is their distribution and bottling operations. Most of their products are â€Å"manufactured, sold and distributed by independently owned and managed bottling partners†. (Coca- Colas Annual report, 2011, p. 32). The company owns nearly 275 bottling companies, distributing their products in more 200 countries. Three most known bottling companies are Coca-Cola Hellenic, Coca-Cola Femsa, and Coca-Cola Amatil. Coca-Cola Hellenic distributes in 28 European countries. In 2011, 46% of the unit case volume of Coca-Cola Hellenic consisted of Trademark Coca-Cola Beverages. Coca-Cola Femsa is a Mexican company covers most of parts of South America. In 2011, 62 percent of the unit case volume of Coca-Cola FEMSA consisted of Trademark Coca-Cola Beverages. Coca-Cola Amatil covers Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji and Indonesia. In 2011, 45 percent of the unit case volume of Coca-Cola Amatil consisted of Trademark Coca-Cola Beverages. According to Coca-Cola the ownership of bottling companies helps them reduce costs and make the product more available throughout the world. In the next five years the company has committed to invest $30 billion in their bottling companies. (Coca-Cola ´s Annual Report, 2011). Coca-Cola ´s innovation in products can be classified as one of its most dynamic capability. They always try to â€Å"recreate and renew† their products. The company holds around 500 products. (Coca-Cola ´s Annual Report, 2011). Their innovation philosophy is â€Å"70/20/10†. They invest â€Å"70 of their resources in existing products, 20% in innovations related to existing products and 10% in pure innovation. (Forbes, 2012). The newest products launched into the markets are mini cans of 7.5 ounces and has only 90 calories. Another new product is Sprite Green, naturally sweeten Truvia, every 8.5 ounce serving has 50 calories and 5% lemon juice. (World of Cola, 2012). Once analyzed all of Coca-Cola ´s resources and core capabilities, the next step is to use the VRIN model, which consists in externally analyzing the firm’s resources and dynamic capabilities to see if these are useful to generate sustainable competitive advantage. VRIN stands for Value, Rarity, Inimitability and Non-Substitutability. (Barney, 1991). Nevertheless some authors such as, McEcily and Chakravarthy (2002), believe that the framework lacks semantic logic that account for characteristics that impede certain activities in the firm at the same time enhancing others. The value of resources can be determined if they can give a company competitive advantage at a cost that it allows the organization to have acceptable profits. (Johnson et al, 2011, p. 89). In case of Coca-Cola the company is very innovative this makes them the market leader. It always takes advantage of new market trends to develop new products and gain competitive advantage. In 1892, they were the first ones recognize about the change that consumers were getting more health conscious and introduced the Diet Coke, a low calorie beverage, which since then became the world ´s top-selling low-calorie soft drink. (World of Coca-Cola, 2012) In terms of Rarity, rare capabilities are those that no or few firms posse. (Johnson et al, 2011, p. 89).According to Coca-Cola their brand value, brand loyalty and brand recognition are capabilities that no other firm holds in the industry. As stated before, their brand value is estimated at $ 77.8 billion and their logo is recognized by 94% of the world population. They have been holding this capability since many years which drives them sustainable competitive advantage. (Coca-Cola ´s Annual report, 2011). Coca-cola resources can also be classified as inimitable. Their distribution system and bottling companies are so widely spread throughout the world, making their products available to customers everywhere at any time of the day. It is really difficult for companies to have such wide distribution network as the costs would be really high for a new firm trying to do this. (Forbes, 2012) Moreover, their secret formula of making coca-cola is considered as non substitutability resource. This is because it hasn’t been discovered by any other soft drink company. Even thought there are substitutes available in the market none of them meet up to Coca-Cola ´s taste or standard. (Coca-Cola ´s Sustainability Report, 2011) In conclusion, Coca-Cola ´s history, brand equity, people, distribution network, secret recipe, etc. are resources that are difficult to imitate, while being extremely valuable. The company constantly works to gain competitive advantage by developing healthier products as consumers are becoming more health conscious and by having big investments on marketing programs to have more consumer engagement. Even though Coca-Cola ´s strategies and competitive advantage are extremely sustainable the company can face competition from healthier and more environmental friendly firms, which the company is trying to tackle by implementing the 2020 vision. The 2020 vision has 5 long-term objectives. The first one is energy conservation/climate change which consists in reducing by 15% carbon footprint. Second, sustainable packaging/recycling makes their packaging 100% recyclable. Third, water stewardship which consists in establishing a water sustainable operation in which they minimize the use of water and have neutral water impact on the local communities where they operate. The Fourth is product portfolio/wellbeing, they intent to provide healthier beverages for every lifestyle and occasion. Fifth, diverse and inclusive culture consists in creating a better work place to work every employee with a wide diversity of culture.

Public Health Comparison Essay

America is a country built on democracy, equality, and basic care for all citizens. The Department of Health and Human and local departments under its direction, work to protect, and care for the public. By preventing epidemics, protecting against environmental hazards, promoting healthy behaviors, collecting statistical data, and many other resources, public health ensures that the government upholds the needs of its citizens. Public health has a longstanding history that has evolved over time to meet the ever changing environment, the advance of technology and the growing population. Whereas public health maintains the needs of the population at large, community health concentrates on the vulnerabilities and demands of particular community. Resources The local public health departments in this authors’ rural area includes seven counties. Services include clinical assistance, community health, educational events, early childhood programs, epidemiology surveillance, home health, planning and disaster preparedness, and school health (Lincoln Trial District Health Department, 2014). More specifically, by offering services such as cancer screening, WIC programs, grief counseling, and many others, the public health department supports the goal of maintaining the well-being of the public. The Department of Health and Human resources is the national public health regulatory division that maintains public health. â€Å"The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the United States government’s principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves† (U.S.  Department of Health and Human Services, 2014, para. 1). The HHS works with local and state health departments to locate funding, provide services, collect data, and advance science through research to ensure that constituents of America possess the social, mental, and physical medical needs regardless of their social standing. History of Public Health â€Å"The mission of public health has its roots in the mid-nineteenth century, when physicians, housing reformers, advocates for the poor, and scientists trained in new techniques of chemistry and civil engineering came together to fight problems growing out of urbanization, industrialization, and large-scale immigration. This coalition transformed the nation’s economy and environment, and, in turn, its health. High death rates and pestilence had long affected rich and poor communities alike† (Fairchild, Rosner, Colgrove, Bayer, & Fried, 2010, p. 54). The article describes America’s health deterioration by the mid-nineteenth century from outbreaks such as smallpox, cholera, typhoid, yellow fever, and various intestinal illnesses. The poor were often blamed for these epidemics, therefore the split between social classes grew. In 1940, the American Public Health Association rectified a code of services that public health departments were to provide. They were: â€Å"collecting data on vital statistics; controlling communicable diseases via methods such as outbreak investigations; contact tracing; partner notifications, and (rarely) isolation and quarantine; ensuring environmental sanitation; providing laboratory services for the diagnosis of illnesses by private doctors, hospitals, and other clinicians; offering maternal, infant, and child health services; and providing education† (Fairchild, Rosner, Colgrove, Bayer, & Fried, 2010, p. 57). Following this era, public health has experienced change and reform that continues to this day. From social medicine to current dismal economic circumstances, public health, although deeply rooted in well-being and practices that support it, still struggles between social demands, political opposition, and corporate stipulations. Public health persists in maintaining its core values. No matter what modifications public health may undergo, assessment, policy development and assurance continue to serve the underprivileged or those in need. Difference  Between Public and Community Health According to Stanhope & Lancaster (2012), â€Å"Public health has been defined and describes as a system and social enterprise; a profession; a collection of methods, knowledge, and techniques; governmental health services, especially medical care for the poor and underserved; and the health status of the public† (p. 243). As such, public health involves the public on a national or global level by protecting the mental, physical, and social well-being of human beings. For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) was introduced on April 7, 1948. â€Å"The core functions of WHO are as follows: †¢providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed; †¢shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge; †¢setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation; †¢articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options; †¢providing technical support, catalyzing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity; and †¢monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends† (World Health Organization, 2014, para. 1) Community health under the umbrella of public health concentrates on a population in a particular area. According to Stanhope & Lancaster (2008), the WHO defines community as, â€Å"A community is a social group determined by geographic boundaries, common values and interests† (p. 342). Community health concentrates its efforts of assessment, policy development, and assurance on local population, of which have varied needs and vulnerabilities. Resources for a specific community may be different from resources for another community, so the core functions of community health must be tailored to fit each individual area. In conclusion, public health ensures the mental, physical, and social welfare of which human beings are entitled. Community health concentrates its efforts on the people of a geographical area. As the needs of the county and a community change, public health must maintain their services to meet demands. Americans have the opportunity through public health to use the resources at their disposal to sustain a healthy lifestyle. References Fairchild, A., Rosner, D., Colgrove, J., Bayer, R., & Fried, L. (2010). The EXODUS of public health. What history can tell us about the future? American Journal of Public Health, 100(1), 54-63. Lincoln Trial District Health Department. (2014). Our services. Retrieved from http://www.ltdhd.ky.gov Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2012). Public health nursing; Population-centered health care in the community (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). About HHS. Retrieved from http://www.hhs.gov World Health Organization. (2014). The role of WHO in public health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int

Financial Accounting coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Accounting coursework - Essay Example Thus the accrual method of accounting measures the position and performance of the company based on the transactions made in the course of business irrespective of the cash receipts and payments done for the business transaction. The accrual method of accounting combines the current and expected cash inflows and outflows to determine the consolidated financial position of the company (Sofat and Hiro, 2008, p.36). Marks and Spencer has used the accrual method to determine the expected value of the cash flows based on the historical sales returns so that the accrued figures could be allocated accurately in the financial statements. Assumptions related to Going-Concern for preparing financial statements The assumptions related to going concern for preparing financial statements are that the company would continue its business in near future unless the management decides to liquidate the company or decides to stop operations. When the financial statements are prepared by assuming the goi ng concern of a business entity, the assets and liabilities are allocated with the assumption that if the company continues its operations, it would be able to acquire the same amount of assets or would be able to service the same amount of liabilities (Bhattacharyya, 2011, p.48). Ex. Marks and Spencer have prepared their financial statements with the assumption of going concern after considering the risk and uncertainties of the business. The assessment of the assets and liabilities for the foreseeable future has been done based on projections after consideration of risk. Key accounting concepts used in preparation of financial statements The accounting method is a tool based on which the financial statements are prepared and the information given in the financial statements are meant for the users. Thus the preparation of financial statements involves key accounting concepts which are standardized for the companies. The key accounting concepts are combined together to form the gen erally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The accounting concepts that are used in the preparation of the financial statements are such as money measurement, entity, cost, going concern, objectivity, dual aspect, time period, realization, conservatism, consistency, matching, materiality. The consideration of an entity and its distinction from the owners is important for preparation of the financial statements. The business, sales and receipts in accounting are done in terms of money measurement. The business is considered to carry on its economic activities for a sustainable period of time unless the operations cease to exist on the basis of decision of owners. This concept forms the basis of a going concern that is used in accounting method (Crosson and  Needles, 2010, p.52). The accounting measurements takes into consideration the cost incurred by the company for running the business. This includes the cost of capital, cost of goods sold, etc. The dual aspect in accounting s tates that the assets are equal to the liabilities of the company. The objectivity in accounting met

Adapting to Workplace Changes in Professionalism Essay

Adapting to Workplace Changes in Professionalism - Essay Example Also in staff meetings, the communication process should be clear, logical, and professional (Allanwood, Gavin, and Peter Beare, 2014, para.1). Higher education institutions are an example where such group culture can be experienced. Active cultures bring about employee motivation, alignment of goals, structures that are needed and controls to improve the effectiveness of the organization. Group culture in the workplace also influences its effectiveness since culture assists in external adaptation and integration of internal issues of the organization. In higher education institutions, a culture may begin when a single individual has an idea of a new enterprise. The founder of the idea then assembles more people and comes up with a core group that has a shared vision with that of the founder. The core group believes that the idea is a good one and therefore they see the need for investing time and money in it (Allanwood, Gavin, and Peter Beare, 2014, Para.1). The core group then starts to work in a union to create an organization by raising funds, incorporating, obtaining patents, and locating space. At that point, new recruits are brought in the society and history commences to build. The initial organizational culture is an outgrowth of the philosophy of the founder. As time goes by the original culture is embedded or modified by other group cultures. The members of the organization teach each other about the preferred organization’s behaviors, values, beliefs, and expectations (Cozby, Paul, Patricia, Worden, and Daniel, Kee, 1989, Para 7). When members of the organization in higher education institutions interact with each other, they use terminology, language, and rituals related to demeanor and deference. There are various types of group culture experienced in the higher education institutions. They include; Constructive culture. Here the employees work together, beginnings from the

Employee Turnover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Employee Turnover - Essay Example Galvin (2004) asserts that turnover is "a modern business dilemma that is costing companies billions of dollars annually, yet surprisingly little is done about it." For businesses seeking to optimize their bottom line, particularly in the retail industry, getting this problem under control can translate into dramatic improvement in profitability and competitiveness. Understanding the particular costs of turnover to each business is an essential first step in determining the extent to which it is even a problem that needs to be addressed, and if so what is the appropriate approach to addressing the problem. This paper examines the reasons for higher rates of turnover in retail generally as compared to many other industries. It goes on to propose solutions and strategies retailers can adopt to decrease employee turnover and improve their bottom line. The direct costs of turnover are easy to quantify, according to Galvin. These are recruitment expenses such as classified ads and headhunter fees, training expenses, "travel or relocation expenses, interviewing, overtime for employees who take on departing employees' tasks, and all the related administrative functions that go into the grand exit and entrance." These costs are merely the "tip of the iceberg," however, as there are numerous indirect costs that are often not even considered. These include lost business from unhappy customers who are driven away by compromised service quantity and quality, resulting in lost business. Also, there is usually some lost productivity resulting from the need for other employees to pick up the slack in addition to their own jobs. Finally, the diversion of management attention from strategic planning to devising ways to make up the shortfall left by departing workers yields an opportunity cost for the business (Galvin, 2004). What strategic and competitive strides could have been made had management not been preoccupied with filling gaps from employee turnover An additional indirect cost of turnover in a retail environment is missed sales due to inexperience of new staff or due to the lack of adequate available staff to take care of all customers efficiently. Kal Lifson (1996) asserts that an "inexperienced sales associate loses 10% of the sales dollars that a veteran associate would have made." That is an enormous impact that is often not even accounted for by companies concerned with the financial impact of turnover. "Turnover takes a huge bite from the bottom line. Large merchants spend an average of $77 million a year in severance and other departure related costs, and lose another $161 million in potential revenue due to such factors as new employee mistakes," maintains Leigh Dyer (2002). The story on turnover is not all bad. Businesses arguably need some fresh blood in order to remain dynamic. New people bring fresh ideas and approaches to the business. Companies with zero turnover risk being stagnant and stodgy in a very competitive industry that is largely based on a clientele attracted to the young, the hip and the trendy. "New employees do bring in new ideas and keep the organization fresh and current" (Zografos, 2006). In addition, some level of turnover helps businesses to understand the driving factors behind employee retention, enabling them to respond more effectively when the inevitable departure does take place. Low-turnover businesses can "focus on why employees

139 quail wk3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

139 quail wk3 - Essay Example The high quality of the product accompanied affordable cost attracts and win massive customers. Brother Bernard McCoy exhibits the following entrepreneurial characteristics, vision and flexibility (Agbim et al., 253). He had identified income generation from a new source of income as the primary goal. He identified an opportunity in the market before making a decision on the company’s final product line. Brother Bernard shifted from the initial business alternatives to venture in a different product line. The initial options were either opening a shitake mushroom farm or constructing an 18 hole golf course in western Wisconsin. Market gap determined the final decision of a product line the company offers. Brother McCoy and the other monks no longer handle the company’s operations an indication that they delegated their duties to other staffs as managers. However, they coordinate and affect decision-making processes that transpire within their company, an indication that they still exercise control over their business. Managers should be team players, delegation of roles is an indication that they are team players involving others in the management of their company. Agbim, Kenneth Chukwujioke, Godday Orziemgbe Oriarewo, and Tor Aondoaver Zever. "Moderating Effects Of Individual Entrepreneur And Enterprise Characteristics On The Relationship Between Business Environmental Scanning Behaviour And Entrepreneurial Performance." Journal Of Business Studies Quarterly 6.1 (2014): 248-268. Business Source Complete. Web. 27 Jan.

Strategic management final exam bachelor degree Term Paper

Strategic management final exam bachelor degree - Term Paper Example This relationship identifies validity of the statement from the perspective that organizations can focus on their microenvironment and manage the factors to overcome any possible effects of the macro environment. This is because microenvironment such as organizational behavior and employee efficiencies are easily manageable as they are under organizations’ powers. A consideration of a business’ long-term scope and effects of the macro environment however invalidates the statement because micro environmental factors influence many organizational activities. The economic environment that includes economic conditions and economic policies is the first significant factor to organizations. Factors such as inflation rates, unemployment rates, trade regulations, and interest rates have significant effects on productivity of and profitability of an organization and therefore affect sustainability. Political environment is another significant macro environment factor and plays a significant role in influencing success of business organization. Political stability establishes investors’ confidence and therefore facilitates commercial activities, especially at global level and political ideologies and relations with other countries facilitate ties for favorable business environments. Socio cultural environment that include people’s preferences, â€Å"family systems, caste systems, education, marriage,† among other social and cultural factors determines markets and revenue levels to businesses (Mukesh and Trehan n.d, p. 12). Technological environment with its characteristic advantage of facilitating operational efficiency and demographic factors that determine volume and trend of demand for products is also very important to business’ organizations’ lives. The significance of macro environment that dictates sustainability and efficiency of organizations’ internal factors therefore identifies relevance of the environment to businesses. This means

What, if anything, is wrong with the World Trade Organisation Essay

What, if anything, is wrong with the World Trade Organisation - Essay Example The WTO has been cited by some as not taking a proactive approach to evaluating the health issues affected by its agreements, lacking a formal in-house body to regulate the impact of trade on global health (Kimball 2006, p.189). This pertains especially to issues when dealing with imports of beef that have contained traces of mad-cow disease or simply when products are questioned by participating members as being linked to a potential health hazard. The suggestion of WTO critics is that the World Trade Organisation merely relies on its Dispute Settlement process that is only effective after a health situation has arisen and does not have a system in place that scientifically examines potential health consequences of trade agreements to the indigenous population that is receiving goods. This could be true of the WTO, but contributing literature suggests that the WTO consists of several regulating bodies that do, indeed, maintain particular expectations for notification of trade modifications. For example, the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Committee within the WTO aggressively analyse animal and plant safety using internationally-developed standards to assess potentially hazardous trade items. After carefully examining the World Trade Organisation website, it would seem that the core of the WTO consists of a multitude of regulating committees that are each assigned a specific task, often dealing with proactive issues. It is often the practice of humans to attempt to locate an entity with which to point the proverbial finger when it comes to assigning blame for health issues. In the case of the WTO, it would seem that these allegations for taking a less-proactive stand on health issues in global trade are virtually unfounded. The WTO has also been criticised for its inability to enforce its members agreements. When China ( a rapidly emerging

Greek art vs egyptian art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greek art vs egyptian art - Essay Example Some religious functions were processions that started at, visited, or ended within the temple or shrine. The architectural concept of the Roman temple originated from the Etruscan model. As a matter of brief description, the Etruscans were an indigenous race found in Italy that dominated the 17th Century BC. On their part, the Etruscans had borrowed their building skills mainly from the Greek architecture. It is, therefore, worth stating that the Greek architectural concepts played a vital role in the development of Roman temples. The temples had the same pattern characterized by triangular shaped roofs supported by great pillars. There were steps that lead to the main doorway whereas the main doorway was built behind the pillars. The main emphasizes was in the front building, dominated by portico with columns, a pronaos. Importantly, this takes a different concept from the Greek model that emphasized on the temple as the totality. That is; the Greek temples were characterized by simple rectangular shrine with protruding side walls called antae. This formed a small porch. The primary building material for the roman temples was concrete, and this explains why many of the temples ‘survived the storm’. During the construction process, the constructors effectively mixed the concrete and the structural shape of the arch hence resulting to the base of the temple. Due to the immense weight of the temples, it was necessary to use strong building materials. In this regard, the integration of the arch in building the temples ensured that the temples remained strong and solid. On the other hand, the first Greek temples were built from mud, brick and marble structure on stone foundations. In order to reinforce the mud-brick walls, wooden posts in a type of half-timbered technique was used. This resulted to all vital architectural techniques that were to influence the development of Greek temples for a long time. Although the Roman

Business and law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business and law - Case Study Example Their Lordships are far from denying that there is force in an argument on these lines. It is very natural to see something anomalous in the introduction into Malaya of a special rule of English law of this kind. Nevertheless, English law itself lied introduced into Penang, as part of the Straits Settlements, as far as it is applicable to the circumstances of the place. Regarding the pivotal clause 7.4, the case law principles governing proper construction, is in the view of the judges on the appeal is that change after the demise of the Bubble Act in nineteenth century England brought about 'a new legal framework transforming incorporation from a closely-guarded privilege into a freely available right.'12 But it seems to have been a 2A variety of factors led to that result. It however, did not receive a universal welcomed. The rise of the limited liability company faced substantial opposition from vested commercial interests fearful of competition from corporations and others, and f earful of the impunity of owners in the event of corporate insolvency. The objection by Steggles Limited in the House of Commons to the incorporation of a proposal by Yarrabee Chicken Company Pty Ltd has a certain modern resonance. ... The nature of the term, which the primary judge had implied into the contract, reflected that against that background, there is, no doubt, a major challenge for the legal adviser in communicating comprehensibly to those who conduct their business, through corporations, large and small, about the law, which those structures lie, created and which regulates their operation. That challenge remained enhanced when corporate structures lie allied, as they often are, to trust arrangements. On the grounds and case law, which the judges on appeal decide, is that which lies implied in terms of fact. These however do not required to give ‘business efficacy’ to the contract as The fact that Steggles was free at all times to determine the number of chicks or the density of the batches to be delivered to the Growers was very much at the heart of the contract. It shows that the contract stood weighted heavily in favor of the commercial interests of Steggles. 3With regard to this implie d term issue, it is sufficient in our view to say that the flaws in the Growers’ approach to the construction of cl 7.4 lay revealed in the difficulties, which her Honour discussed, in particular, in her second judgment. We do not consider it is necessary to address every argument considered and disposed of by the primary judge. In short, what would lie required by that construction of cl 7.4(a) was for Steggles to make extensive enquiries of Growers as to their ongoing capacity to rear chickens to remain processed at the Beresfield plant. Importantly, her Honour recognised that the act of her second judgment was so construed, and that the obligations of Steggles under the clause imposed some constraints

Exchange Shopping Centre Essay Example for Free

Exchange Shopping Centre Essay Running Bare is an active gear store for women. It first opened its first concept store in Putney in July of 2004. It gained reputation as the leading women’s activewear, footwear and swimwear specialist and store in the next few years. This led to the expansion of the store to include the opening of branches in Temple Fortune North London and Tunbridge Wells and the most recent, Australia. With a mission to provide quality sportswear and accessories for women on the lookout for excellent performance gears and wears with a fashion sense. The working philosophy of Running Bare hails from the confidence, success-driven and positive energy that women on the go possess. With an excellent inventory of sports shoe brands such as Asics, Running Bare also uniquely offers technical advice and foot assessment in their stores. Running bare products are expertly designed to augment balance, vitality and strength to the women who war them, giving the much needed support for the type of activities they perform, allowing them to excel. Since women are at the heart of Running Bare, its driving goal is to preserve sophistication and style in each of their product yet providing an exquisite partner for every active woman out there. Running Bare products range from tops, pants/bottoms, fliptops, footwear, accessories, swimwear, trainers and a line of beauty products. Products are also categorized according to activities such as running, fitness, yoga and pilates, swimwear, courts ports and netball. Running Bare stores are located at The Exchange Shopping Centre? High Street Putney,? London SW15 1TW? with contact number, 0208 788 8875 and ? Email:[emailprotected] co. uk? They open from ? 9am 6pm Monday,Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday? 9am 7pm Thursday? 11am 5pm – Sunday. To get to this store, you can board the following? BUS ROUTES? 74, 14, 22, 265, 85, 93, 37, 430, 424, 39, 337, 220. The Running Bare Temple Fortune is located at? 7 Hallswelle Parade,? Finchley Road? London NW11 0DL. You can contact them at tel. 0208 458 9375? and Email:[emailprotected] uk. They open from 9. 30am 5. 30pm Monday to Saturday? CLOSED Sunday. If you are taking the tube, you can disembark at Golders Green and then 15min walk or take buses 102 (towards Edmonton), 82 or 460 (towards North Finchley) Runningbare Tunbridge Wells? is located at 201 Royal Victoria Place Royal Tunbridge Wells TN1 2SS. Their contact number is 01892 617 338 and email: [emailprotected] co. uk. They open from 9am 6pm Monday to Saturday and 9am 8pm – Thursday and 10. 30am 4. 30pm – Sunday.

The erik erikson theory of development

The erik erikson theory of development Erik Erikson theory of development stipulates the physical, psychological as well as emotional milestones and how they relate to specific developmental tasks in each stage. The personality traits exhibited by individuals are inborn temperament traits while others are learned by a person as he or she develops in regard to the challenges as well as support received in the course of development. Erik Erikson is credited due to the exemplification of the concept of personality development since he believed that the existence of the ego has its roots from birth and behavior exhibited by an individual is not completely defensive (Crandell et al, 2009). Studies advanced by Erik Erikson indicated that the development course of an individual is determined by a three fold interaction between the genetic biological programming of the body, psychological influences as well as ethos or cultural influences. Erik Eriksons developmental theory stipulates eight stages extending from infancy to adulth ood in which different developmental milestones are explained. The first stage from birth to about 18months is referred to as infancy where the Ego development outcome is known as Trust vs. Mistrust. This is the oral sensory stage where major emphasis is laid on the childs mother ability to provide loving care to the child. Through visual contact as well as touch a child is able to trust that life is satisfactory and considerable confidence in the future is achieved. On the contrary, when a child fails to achieve trust and consistent frustrations befall on a person, a deep seated feeling of worthlessness may develop as well as a pronounced mistrust of life in general. Basically during my infancy I was accorded the right treatment which gave me the belief that the world we live in is trustworthy and that every individual has an outmost right to live here. The early childhood stage is from 18 months and extends up to 3 years. The Ego development outcome during this stage refers to Autonomy vs. Shame. The basic strengths which a child ought to develop is will, courage as well as self control. Individuals at this stage learn to master important life skills for themselves. Children not only learn to feed, walk, talk, toilet train but they develop fine motor skills. As the developing child continues to gain control over their bodies through acquisition of new skills and differentiating the right from the wrong, feelings of autonomy and high self esteem are realized. During this period, children largely refuse to undertake the tasks stipulated by the most significant and/ constant caregiver that vital skills of will are developed. However, during this period children tend to be massively vulnerable. This is because children who are unable to learn important skills as well as fail in toilet training experience massive shame and doubt thereby resulting to low self esteem. Relationships with ones parents are very significant. During the Play age from 3 to 5 years a desire to imitate adults is established as well as an inborn want to take the initiative in coming up with ideas during plays. Playing is paramount during this stage as children are involved in playing out roles as well as experimenting in the ideas they believe in. The ego development outcome at this stage is referred to as Initiative vs. Guilt while the basic strength exhibited is purpose. According to Erikson, the child largely struggles with the oedipal struggle as he tries to establish his gender through use of social role identification formalities (Berger, 2004). A child frustrated in regard to natural desires and goals experiences guilty feelings. The school age period between 6 to 12 years is referred to as latency and the ego development outcome attached to it is industry vs. inferiority. The childs ability to learn and acquire new skills as well as knowledge and develop massive accomplishments helps a child develop a sense of industr y. This is a largely social stage during the development where basic strengths of method and competence are made manifest. In case a child experiences inadequacy and inferiority in the midst of his peers competences as well as self esteem problems results. The most important relationships during this period are those found in the school as well as the neighborhood. Gender influences are exhibited during development especially in communication styles, aggression as well as social relationships. Many sociolinguists agree that females largely prefer private talks which are geared towards forming relationships. Since I grew up in an environment with males as all my siblings are boys, my communication was primarily based on report talk with such verbal performances as lecturing information, joking as well as story telling. The kind of plays undertaken by children is based of gender and cultural influences. For instance the boys plays have a leader who directs the course of action and the losers as well as winners are identified. Girls on the other hand girls play in pairs and turn taking is more evident. According to Erikson, the above developmental stages largely depend on what is done to an individual. From adolescence stage which begins from 12 to 18 years, Identity vs. Role confusion is the developmental outcome which seeks to be achieved. Development largely depends on what an individual does. Adolescence is an indeed complex stage in which an individual is neither a child nor adult therefore individuals struggle to forge their identity in social interactions as well as establishing moral issues which to adhere to. Erikson states that individuals are expected to discover who they are. If this is not done adequately, the concerned individuals experience role confusion as well as upheaval. A period known as moratorium is witnessed by individuals who opt to withdraw from responsibilities. Adolescents identify most with their peers and due to lack of experience individuals tend to think in terms of ideals rather than reality hence the reason why massive conflicts are always witnessed during this stage (Berger, 2004). In young adulthood, between 18 and 35 years, the basic strengths t o be achieved are affiliation and love. According to Erikson, during the initial stages of becoming adults, individuals largely seek for love and companionship. Through marriage and establishing friendships, individuals seek to acquire mutually satisfying relationships. Individuals who negotiate through this stage successfully get to experience intimacy at the deepest level possible while those that fail isolation and distance from other people result. In my case, I married in the year 1999 and experienced deep intimacy. The significant relationships are those established with friends as well as marital partners. Middle Adulthood sets in from age 35 to 55 or 65. The ego development outcome involves generativity vs. stagnation. According to Erikson, during this stage individuals are largely occupied with their careers as well as creative works while at the same time involved in family obligations. Individuals expect to be in charge of their affairs. The basic strengths to demonstrate are protection and care. This is achieved through undertaking the significant task of perpetuating culture as well as transmitting values to the lives of the children. The parents should tame their children through providing a stable environment in which the children grow up in. According to Erikson, Generativity is achieved when an individual demonstrates care of other people especially children thereby resulting to production of something which significantly contributes to the betterment of the society (Kail Cavanaugh, 2008). This is the stage where ones children gradually leave home. This move largely results to major life changes thus resulting to mid life crises. Self absorption and stagnation is experienced by people who fail to go through this stage successfully. During this period, relationships which matter the most are those existing in the workplace, family and the community at large. Late adulthood which is witnessed from 55 or 65 years up-to death requires comprehensible demonstration of the vital strength in wisdom. According to Erikson, the ego development outcome at this stage is integrity vs. despair. Since individuals have spent substantial amount of time preparing their lives during middle adulthood, late adulthood presents an opportunity to recover from the challenges of life. As older adults, individuals have an opportunity to look at their lives with happiness as well as contentment. Recognition of the contribution made by an individual in life is what brings satisfaction and Erikson refers to it as integrity (Berk, 2004). Contrary, there are individuals who get to this stage and exhibit feelings of despair owing to the misgivings and perceived failures they have witnessed in their lives. Kohlbergs theory of moral development compares significantly with Eriksons developmental theory since the moral milestones achieved by an individual throughout his lif etime are stipulated. According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is what determines the ethical behavior to be achieved by an individual. While expanding on Piagets work, Kohlberg established that moral development is primarily concerned with the need to demonstrate justice and continues throughout the life of an individual (Kail Cavanaugh, 2008). Through analyzing moral reasoning displayed by individuals in such cases as Heinz dilemma, Kohlberg managed to classify the actions and morals of various individuals into six distinct stages. The levels advanced by Kohlberg are classified into Pre-conventional, conventional as well as post-conventional with each level having two other stages. The pre-conventional stage is commonly exhibited by children although there are instances when even adults get to associate with this stage. The morality of an action is determined by the direct consequences exhibited by a particular action. Since a child has not fully conceptualized the societal conventions in regard to what actions are right or wrong, he or she focus on the kind or rewards or punishments a particular action is likely to elicit. The obedience and punishment orientation makes an individual to focus on the punishment advanced thus if the punishment is bad, the action is equally bad. This view is largely egocentric. Stage two in pre- conventional level is driven by self interest concerns whereby an individual seeks to determine the benefit he or she will derive from an activity. Thus, concern for other peoples interests is not as a result of respect or loyalty. The conventional level is typically demonstrated by adolescents as well as adults. People who reason in conventional ways base the morality of action in regard to the societal views as well as expectations. Conventional morality thus requires an individual to make a deliberate move to accept the societal conventional in regard to what is right or wrong. Thus an individual follows the stipulated societal laws and guidelines without c onsidering the consequences of the actions. In stage three referred to as interpersonal accord and conformity motivated an individual seeks to fill social roles available in his society thus the emphasis lies in trying to live up to the expectations of the society. Thus stage three reasoning constitutes judging the morality of an action by considering the kind of effect that an individuals relationship will demonstrate. When respect and gratitude sets in, people feel the need to fit in social roles since they want to be liked by other members of society owing to the good behaviors they demonstrate. According to Kohlberg, stage two of conventional morality is authority and social order obedience motivated. The importance of obeying the stipulated laws, social conventions as well as dictums lies in the massive need to maintain a society which is functioning well (Lerner Weiner, 2003). Thus society needs transcend individual approval when making any moral reasoning. It is a central id eal which is present in the society which makes people want to follow the stipulated rules and regulations. Majority of the active members of the society remain in this stage of moral judgment. The post conventional level of moral development is known as the principled level. According to Kohlberg, it is the realization that individuals are separate from society which makes individual perspectives to be considered before making decisions. People in this stage make decisions owing to the abstract personal principles they uphold. In stage one of post conventional level known as social contract driven, the world is considered to hold varied rights, values as well as opinions which must be respected by all people in the society. In this stage, laws are not considered as rigid dictums rather rules are considered as social contracts which need be changed in order to address the good on all people in the society. Various decisions as well as inevitable compromises come into interplay when such actions are being undertaken. The final stage is universal ethical principle motivated and it encompasses abstract reasoning during moral reasoning processes. The validity of laws is based o nly on their ability to uphold justice thus laws without an obligation to justice need be fully disobeyed. Since decisions are not arrived at hypothetically, a completely absolute method need be developed to come up with such conclusions. Kohlberg emphasizes the fact that the individuals, who have reached this level of moral development, put themselves in another persons situation if at all they believed the truth of another persons action (Lerner Weiner, 2003). The consensus which results from such an action is the decision undertaken. Thus individuals act not because an action is legal, instrumental, or expected but rather because the action is right. It is quite difficult to determine individuals who operate in this level. The cultural background of an individual plays a major role in determining the moral milestones achieved during the development process. Since culture encompasses the total communitys social, economic as well as political structures which shape the total outlook of an individual. It is the culture which determines the sensibilities, attitudes, skills as well as dispositions which in turn make an individual morally mature in all spheres of life. In case a cultural setting lays much emphasis on punishment, individuals will primarily remain in the pre- conventional stage of moral authority where actions are determined by the kind of punishment which will be accorded. Differences in sex exhibit different moral development of women and men. Women typically remain at stage three of moral development since they primarily encompass interpersonal feelings during decision making process. Men are largely stationed at stage five and six since they reflect mostly on abstract perceptions of societ al organization during decision making process (Lerner Weiner, 2003). This can be further explained by the fact that women do not undertake their responsibilities in regard to the conventionally accepted norms but rather on their own individual insights in regard to care and responsibilities of their children.

Impact of Globalization on the Environment

Impact of Globalization on the Environment Human race faces some desperate challenges to replenish for what has been done by our generation in the name of globalisations. The definition of our in this context is to eloquently emphasise that the outcome of globalisation today was the result of the comprehensiveness of all human race and our here refers to every living human being on this earth who contributes to both the positive and negative outcomes of globalisation. According to Pierik and Werner, the all-inclusiveness (2010, p. 2) applies to every living human being in general and the access to basic rights should also be equally available to every individual on this earth. For instance, right to clean air or clean water. In similar fashion, cosmopolitans argue that as citizens of the world, we should conjointly tackle both the positive and negative impacts of globalisation. As documented by Pogge in World Poverty and Human Rights, every human being has a global stature as the ultimate unit of moral concern (2002, p. 169). However, in the era of globalisation, this is not always the case. The environmental problems have become a pressing issue often relating it to the causal effect of globalisation contributed by the human activities. As stated by Mol in Globalization and Environmental Reform, the environmental repercussions are often related to the market demand and supply, or also widely known as Global Capitalism (2001, p. 71). Global capitalism is no foreign to the global consumptions and economic production which severely hampers the stability of the environment. So, this boils down to one question, what impacts does globalisation really has on the environment? To begin with, this essay will discuss about the implications of globalisation towards the general society. It also argues on the question of distribution equality of environmental risks and followed by the discussion on the ramification of global warming caused by the processes of globalisation. The second part then details on how globalisation has lead to the harmonisation of environmental practices among Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and the last part will then entail on the development of global environmental governance discourses. Is Globalisation eco-friendly? In respect to the effect of global capitalism, it has certainly induced or in a bold way of saying it, it has messed up the entire climate system and the environment respectively. Global warming is no longer a foreign term to most of us and this issue has been overly argued that the economic globalisation is partly behind this which has brought us to where we are now. In relation to the act of global capitalists, it boils down to one question, is there an equal distribution of risks relating to environmental threats across the globe and are the responsibilities on emitting Green House Gases (GHGs) being shared equally by every state in the world? As argued by Mol (2001 p. 79), it is hard to escape from the environmental threats in a highly-globalised era and it is merely impossible to do so. Another scholar like Gray suggests that developed countries conserve their environments by moving their productions to the developing world where environmental regulations on Multi-national corpo rations (MNCs) are more slack and thus, exporting their pollutions to the operating countries (Gray cited in Lofdahl, 2002, p. 9). Hence, making it one of the negative impacts of globalisation. In this case, the environmental risks are not being shared equally nor fair as the win for few are often a dispense for many others. As a cosmopolitan, being equally fair is the way to do it and in a perfect world, sharing environmental risks should be borne not only by states but also transnational actors across the globe and putting effort in conserving the environment in any possible means. This may sound superficial for some of us, but a cosmopolitan scholar like David Heater himself also share the same believe as he had documented in his book, World Citizenship: when possible, participate in schemes for positive conservation and cleansing; and the understanding that the most deleterious effects of environmental degradation can rarely be contained within boundaries of the state where the depleting or polluting processes originate (2002, p. 123). Having said that, to have an equal distribution of environmental risks among nation states and global actors in the real world is really difficult. The question on whether or not the risks are equitably distributed also depends on some bodies in the global governance, for instance, transnational actors like the MNCs or TNCs. There has been debates about transnational corporations for not acquiring feasible (sustainable) production methods and such practices has been widely lauded by most business people across the globe. These unsustainable practices have contributed harm towards the environment both in the operating countries and its neighbouring countries respectively. To top it all, these activities are being operated mostly in the developing nations. Why is that? Is developing nations a soft target for transnational corporations to conduct their unethical business operations? In answering this question, according to Daly and Cobb, one of the many reasons for the favour of operati ng in most developing countries is due to its weak local trading system and the laid-back regulations on transnational corporations. In this respect, the issue on trades and environmental problems could be explained in a wider context involving the WTO (World Trade Organisation) or formerly known as GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). Technically, the formation of globalisation itself was partly moulded by the GATT or WTO in making the world a freer trading ground by opening the markets everywhere across the globe (Baylis et al, 2014, p. 346). According to liberal economists in respect to WTOs trade policies, they argued that the result form pollutions due to the trade could be treated as part of the production cost of producing the goods, and hence, supporting their claim that it could be favourable towards the environment as resources will be utilised in a more efficient manner (Baylis et al, 2014). However, one could contest that its equitability remains questionable. As a money-making organisation, this is often seen as a benefit to further grow their companies in seeking more profits out the production despite for its unsustainable practices in these countries (Daly and Cobb cited in Mol, 2001, p. 83). For instance, the tragic Bhopal incident on December 1984 was the result of unsustainable practices done by a Transnational Corporation. It killed more than fifteen thousand people and approximately more than two hundred fifty thousand people were injured due the pipes leakage mishap; releasing over forty thousand tons of toxic gases to Bhopals open air (Fortun, 2009). Bhopal was obviously a soft target for a multi-national corporation like the Union Carbide. Bhopal region were seen to be backward in terms of development, but due to its prominent location for easy transportation access, it made Bhopal to be an ideal location for the operation (Fortun, 2009). Put simply, Bhopal incident is just one of the examples of an unequitable distribution of environmental risks, not only to the population of Bhopal region, but the result from the mishap has an indirect effect in contributing to transboundary pollution and thereby ultimately, increasing the GHGs emission level on a global scale. In short, every emission made everywhere around the world will be in the expense of every living things on earth including, human, our future generations to be, and even biodiversity. Secondly, its responsibility for the environmental damages and severe climate change particularly on the increase of GHG emissions since the industrial revolution era. Environmental agencies like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) believes that the cause for the environmental degradation or global warming is caused by the increasing amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the result of the increasing number of human activity over the past decades (Huwart and Verdier, 2013, p. 112). Many argues that globalisation is partly responsible for the environmental issues that we are currently facing which is caused by the increase in industrial productions and surging amount of international trade deals due to massive global consumption. That said, several human-induced activities that contributes to the surging emission amount of CO2 are mainly from transportation, global capitalist activities (mainly on industrial activity and consumption) and deforestation. Accordin g to Huwart and Verdier (2013), transportation takes a big chunk of the CO2 emission level to the atmosphere. For instance, roughly about nine percent of the GHG emission is from the aviation sector and overall, approximately about eighty-six percent increase of GHG emission from the aviation sector from 1990 to 2004 (Huwart and Verdier, 2013, p. 113). Nonetheless, aviation industry is one of the most profitable industries now. According to International Civil Aviation organization (ICAO, 2016), the overall amount of CO2 emission for India aviation industry was roughly around 16.4 million tonnes as of 2014. On that note, between 2005 to 2007, the local airline companies have ordered about five hundred aeroplanes due to the rising number of passengers travelling locally and internationally (Huwart and Verdier, 2013, p. 113). Put simply, the dilemma between economic growth and pollution is never ending, it is an unprecedented loop. So long as there is consumption, we are inevitably bo unded to experience global warming. In relation to the issue on global warming, as Huwart and Verdier documented in Economic Globalisation, Globalisation is often an ally of the chainsaw (2013, p. 114). Huwart and Verdier (2013) argues that transportation is not just the only source of pollution, other human activities such as deforestation also contributes towards the gradual increase of GHG emissions over the past decades. This is none other due to the increase in consumption percentage globally and it pushes mass production of goods in order to cater the market demand. For example, as of 2003, soy exports by the Brazilians to China was approximately around six million tonnes. Deforestation of lands in some parts of Brazil has enabled them to produce more soy to cater China market. The rule is simple, more soy export, more rainforest is being turned into farmland (Huwart and Verdier, 2013). All of these activities has a chain effect which contributes to global warming. Besides, gl obal warming is one of the reasons for the increasing number in natural calamity such as increase in sea water level causing floods and also hurricanes. For instance, low-lying island states that only lies about three metres above sea level will be in jeopardy, countries such as, Tuvalu, Palau, Maldives and other low-lying states will be severely affected (Ashe, Lierop and Cherian, 1999). Considering that these small island states play a very little role in global pollution and this boils down to one question, could this also be a case of unequitable distribution of environmental risk? Looking at it in a different perspective, a realist or a sceptic would perceive it as an equal loss or gain. For instance, as pointed out by Ritzer (2010, p. 337), the North is more concerned on the issue of global warming, meanwhile the South is heavily encumbered with other pressing issues like HIV, famine and Malaria. So, is this a fair game? Mass migration is also often discussed in unearthing the several effects from the result of global warming. Its side effect within itself has caused several problems and it will be catastrophic to the human race in many years to come. In this respect, the rising sea level is one of the products of global warming. Scientifically, this is due to the rapid melting of ice sheets throughout the world which is caused by a rapid increase in temperature. For instance, it is expected that there will be a rise in sea level globally by twenty-three feet if the ice in Greenland were to be completely melted and another seventeen-foot rise on sea level if the ice in the Antarctica were to be ruptured in a similar manner. Hence, that make it up to forty feet increase in sea level in total. It goes without saying if this happens, it would be a massive calamity on a global scale and it could easily wipe out the entire low-lying states and the small island nations in a glimpse (Ritzer, 2010, p. 345). This is not a new phenomenon, temperature has been increasing and the rise in sea level is expected to be quicker than previously forecasted putting the small island and low-lying states in a most vulnerable position (Collins Rudolph cited in Ritzer, 2010). In many cases, natural disasters like floods, droughts or even storm could be a golden opportunity for businesses out there. As stated by Klein in This Changes Everything, natural disaster could open doors to business opportunities especially in the reformation of new houses and infrastructures like in New Jersey right after the superstorm sandy died down. Or, the surge in numbers of patent for genetically engineered seeds that withstands extreme weather conditions is also seen as business opportunity by big corporations like Monsanto and Syngenta (2015, p. 9). None of these are much of a surprise for us as this is rather a norm for most capitalists to act in such manner. That said, natural disasters are often seen as an opportu nity, making money out of ones agony. Referring to the earlier statement, could this also be the case for the small island nations if the entire land is no longer inhabitable? Charging each and every individual from these nations for a new place to stay when the sea level hits exactly at three feet above the ground? The idea behind this is that, charging would not solve any of these problems. The issues on global warming is very complex that it is interconnected with the well-being of the world society. For instance, looking at the small island nations and low-lying states circumstances, it is expected to be about 60 million people will become refugees if sea level were to rise above three feet (Ritzer, 2010, p. 347). The potential haphazard from the migration would be a nightmare for the world society and the likely effect from this would be an increase in crime rate, surging number in poverty, food scarcity and security issues as the world will become more borderless. Are we ready for this? Should this happen, this will become a world problem as catastrophe as such is irreversible. Hence, preventing or slowing down global warming would be the best solution to this. On the other side of this coin, thanks to globalisation for leading us to a world without border in a sense where creating awareness on global warming and other environmental issues are easier now than it was 50 years ago, despite for the damages that it has done over these years. Put simply, it is a way forward and it could be a way out for the citizens of the world. As stated by Mol in Globalization and environmental Reform: Globalization can trigger the harmonization of national environmental practices, regimes, and standards, produce new institutional arrangements at a supra-national level, transfer environmental technologies, management concepts, and organizational models, and accelerate the exchange of environmental information around the world (2001, p. 96). In a way, globalisation had already created a platform in addressing the issues on environment. That said, a collective effort is needed in order to achieve certain objectives on creating a sustainable environment and a greener economic growth. As argued by Mol (2001), globalisation has led to the harmonisation of environmental practices among the key drivers on the global market, i.e. transnational corporations. As one of the key drivers in the global scene, their position is quite prominent which enables them to influence the environmental improvements and promoting best practice to their consumers and as well as to their suppliers. Transnational corporations are seen to be as a strong actor in the global governance especially in the transmission of new technology and producing influential advertisements (Choucri, 1991). Choucri (1991) also stated that transnational corporations will be useful in shaping up new means of doing business and trades in the most sustainable way as possi ble. However, issues on environmental reformation is not a one man show, it is rather a collective initiative from other responsible parties as well. In light of this, Mol (2001) also argues that efforts on environmental harmonisation practices by transnational actors would not have been possible without the help of few driving factors like the International Standard Organisation (ISO), environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), international regulatory bodies and even public pressure. These underlying has been a push factor for some, not all, TNCs everywhere around the globe. Some international standards were created cohesively with the harmonisation of environmental practices for manufacturing purposes, namely, the ISO 14000 series (Mol, 2001, p. 99). Having said that, this kind of initiatives help to reduce unsustainable manufacturing methods and act as one of the triggering tools towards a greener means of production across TNCs. But then again, having ISO alone will n ot secure the future of the environmental problems that we are currently facing because it acts as only a jumpstart for a greener way of manufacturing goods. On another level, globalisation could also somehow create a join force or formation of positive social movements especially in combating the environmental challenges that are contributed by TNCs across the region. Let us take the social movement of the Bhopal incident survivors as an example to help explain this particular point. After the Bhopal incident, many social movements were formed with regards to the unethical business practices by TNCs in the region. In this respect, the focus of these initiatives has also evolved overtime where issues on gender were also integrated in these social movements. Underpinning gender in this context, Suroopa Mukhrejee argued that the tragic Bhopal incident has put gender under the limelight where the social movements were formed and lead by the women survivors of the Bhopal incident (Mukre jee cited in Scandrett and Mukhrejee, 2011, p. 201). That said, Mukhrejee also argued that the core of the social movement was focused in addressing womens well-being which the outcome from the incident had caused several complications to womens health and body respectively. As stated by Scandrett and Mukhrejee, the experience of poison in the womens bodies in its disruption of menstrual cycles and gynaecological functions, abnormal births and dependent children, becomes reflected in the bodily practices of protest (2011, p. 202). Put simply, the result from the incident has somehow induced for such movement to happen allowing women to step forward and be empowered in fighting not only for womens right, but also environmental justice in their region and throughout the country. In view of this, I argue that the strive from these kind movements is not just beneficial for the present society, but also for the future generation to come which has the right to access clean air and clean environment. After all, living in a clean environment is part of human rights as well. However, scholars like Wilfred Beckerman and Joanna Pasek believes that the unborn future generations hold no rights and do not deserve to have anything out of it as they are not here to utilise these rights in present (Beckerman and Pasek cited in Pierek and warner, 2010, p. 32). On contrary, scholars like Simon Caney argued that the rights for the unborn generations will be jeopardised if such approach are not going to be taken into account now. If such right like the rights for the unborn generations were to be in placed now, the future generation would hold a full moral sentiment on duties to protect and not to harm the environment (Caney, 2011, p. 235) and hence, shaping up a better and highly morale future society. Therefore, the current generation should be obliged to not act in a way where it will threaten the rights of the future generations. In relation to the collective efforts as mentioned earlier, there are several initiatives that has been done over the recent years in addressing the environmental issues especially on mitigation of climate change. For example, the development of global environmental governance like the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol in 1997, Copenhagen Accord or even the recent Paris Agreement. In general, these initiatives are recognised as an effort in spearheading the global economy towards a greener global business direction. Of course, having institutions or agencies as such does not necessarily bring about a complete success in tackling environmental issues, but rather, it could be a game changing process for the businesses especially the TNCs in modifying their production practices into a more sustainable method. For instance, the carbon tax could be a powerful tool in reducing the emissions on GHGs. Businesses will be taxed on a basis of th eir carbon emission usage from the utilisation of fossil fuels and the aim of this instrument is to motivate businesses to divert their production methods into a more sustainable one (Ritzer, 2010, p. 356). Having said that, instruments as such would be more effective if nations from all over the world participates, especially some major polluters like the US and China. Thus, participations are also seen as a collective effort in mitigating environmental issues. Several instruments like the carbon credit purchase and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) were also introduced in Kyoto Protocol which aims to reduce GHG emissions especially from the highly industrialised developed countries (Lechner, 2009, p. 257). For instance, the essence of the CDM encourages cooperation between developed and developing countries in a sense where a conducive sustainable development could be harnessed from utilising this instrument i.e. green technology transfer to developing countries. Of course, th e motivating factor for these developed countries to run CDM is to ensure that their emission target could be achieved by 2012 to 5 percent below 1990 level (Ma, 2010). The idea behind this is that, globalisation has lead us to a stage where issues on global warming are seen to be a severe world problem if its left untreated. Also, we have witnessed growing numbers of environmental agencies and regimes over the past years and it would not have not been possible without the essence of globalisation. A scholar like Lipshutz argues that the creation of a sustainable environment could be done because human has an ability to be innovative in resolving complex issues as such (Lipschutz cited in Lechner, 2009, p. 261). On another note, Lipschutz also argues that, we cannot grow or consume our way out of the crisis (Lipschutz cited in Lechner, 2009).ÂÂ   Referring to Lipschutz argument, it suggests, the world we are currently living in is worn out and the more we are trying extract mor e resources from the ecosystem, the more damages will be done to environment. For example, increasing sea level and catastrophic natural disasters as mentioned on the earlier paragraph. Therefore, it makes more sense for us to spearhead towards a greener and sustainable economy where changes in attitudes towards consumption is required, ultimately, improving the quality of the environment, social and also economic inequalities. Globalisation: is it good or bad for the environment? What can be concluded based on the arguments above is that, globalisation has certainly brought us to an era where the stability of environment is at stake. The results from globalisation has lead us to another level of environmental deterioration global warming. For a fact, the environmental risks are not being distributed equally across the globe due to the ever-rising levels of consumption which in turn, affecting the level of GHG emissions on a global scale and as well as climate stability. Regardless of its negative consequences, the nature of interconnectedness in globalisation could also be seen a vector in bringing down the environmental issues that world is currently facing. Globalisation has open doors for green politics through the development of global environmental governance with the involvement of other bodies like Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and social movement groups which helps to elevate the awareness across the globe. As a cosmopolitan, I argue that every individual has a duty of engaging with activities that is sustainable and causing less harm to the environment. Not to completely neglect globalisation as it is inevitable, but rather, placing commitments on doing things in a most sustainable manner and citizens of the world should also associate themselves to environmental groups because the world of politics can be used as an agent of change. On this note, Derek Heater also argues that, encouraging appropriate activity can alter the horizons of what seems possible to leaders and to the mainstream public (Heater, 2002, p. 129). This process maybe slow, but I strongly argue that with a collective effort from the citizens of the world, the impossible can potentially be accomplished and further harnessed.